Allometry Data of Stag Beetles

Description

Measurements of head width and elytra length of several individuals of Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758) recorded in several localities in Northern Spain.

Usage

data("Lucanus")

Format

A data frame with 265 observations on the following 4 variables.

KB

Head size (mm).

EL

Elytra length (mm).

SEXO

Sex, a factor with levels hembra (female) or macho (male).

PROVINCIA

Spanish province where each individual was collected. Either Asturias, Cantabria or Otras (other).

Examples

data(Lucanus)
str(Lucanus)

RIKZ Data

Description

Richness of benthic species in 45 sampling stations along the coastline of The Netherlands, measured by two researches of the the RIKZ (Rijksinstituut voor Kust en Zee), i.e., the Dutch Institute for Coastal and Marine Management.

Usage

data("RIKZ")

Format

A data frame with the abundance (number of individuals) of 75 benthic macrofauna species (columns 2 -C1- to 76 -I5-) and several environmental meassurements recorded in each sampling station (Sample), i.e., the five sampling stations within each of the nine beaches considered (Beach). The most important is NAP, i.e., Normal Amsterdams Peil (NAP), which measures the height of the sampling station (in m) in relation to the average sea level. Other variables are related to the nature of the sandy sediment, i.e., average grain size (grainsize), grain sorting (sorting1), penetrability (penetrability), carbonate content (chalk), or to each beach, i.e., slope (angle2), salinity (salinity) and average temperature (temperature).

Source

Janssen, G. and Mulder, S.. 2005. Zonation of macrofauna across sandy beaches and surf zones along the Dutch coast. Oceanologia 47(2): 265-282.

Examples

data(RIKZ)
str(RIKZ)

Germination Test of Ailanthus Seeds

Description

Germination frequency of Ailanthus altissima seeds in a factorial experiment with varying levels of light and water.

Usage

data("ailanto")

Format

A data frame with 48 observations on the following 4 variables.

Semillas

Number of seeds in each tray.

Luz

Percentage of incident light.

Agua

Percentage of soil water.

Germinacion

Number of seeds germinating.

Details

An experiment with forty-eight trays, with 40 pots each, and one seed per pot, was set up in a factorized design, with four levels of incident light and three levels of humidity. Numbers of germinating seeds by tray were recorded.

Source

González-Muñoz, N., Castro-Díez, P., and Fierro-Brunnenmeister, N. 2011. Establishment success of coexisting native and exotic trees under an experimental gradient of irradiance and soil moisture. Environmental Management 48: 764-773.

Examples

data(ailanto)
str(ailanto) 

Size and Reproduction in Codium Seaweeds

Description

Data about size and reproductive status in randomly collected individuals of three species of Codium seaweeds in the Cantabrian coast.

Usage

data("algas")

Format

A data frame with 359 observations on the following 3 variables.

Sp

Species of Codium. A factor with levels Fra (C. fragile), Tom (C. tomentosum) and Ver(C. vermilara).

Long

Length of each individual.

Estado

Presence (1) or absence (0) of reproductive structures.

Source

Rojo, I., Olabarria, C., Santamaria, M., Provan, J., Gallardo, T. and Viejo, R.M. 2014. Coexistence of congeneric native and invasive species: The case of the green algae Codium spp. in northwestern Spain. Marine Environmental Research 101: 135-144.

Examples

data(algas)
str(algas)

Araucaria Seedlings

Description

Counts of Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch seedlings in 26 plots (0.2 ha each) to investigate the effect of management (small stakeholders vs. forestry companies) and cattle pressure (measured indirectly by the number of dungs in each plot).

Usage

data("ara")

Format

A data frame with 26 observations on the following 3 variables.

seedlings

Number of seedlings in each plot.

dungs

Number of cattle dungs in each plot.

property

Owner of the terrain where each plot was set up. A factor with 2 levels, Campesino (small stakeholder) and Empresa Forestal (forestry company).

Source

Zamorano-Elgueta, C., Cayuela, L., González-Espinosa, C., Lara, A. and Parra-Vázquez, M.R. 2012. Impacts of cattle on the South American temperate forests: Challenges for the conservation of the endangered monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana) in Chile. Biological Conservation 152: 110-118.

Examples

data(ara)
str(ara) 

Californian Reefs

Description

Data about competition between seaweeds and sessile benthic invertebrates in three Californian reefs. Data were collected in sixteen 40 m x 2 m transects during 8 years. This dataset includes the "non-urchin barren" (transects where the density of sea urchins was low, which includes 4 transects x 7 yr + 6 transects x 6 yr +1 transect x 5 yr).

Usage

data("arrecifes")

Format

A data frame with 69 observations on the following 3 variables.

sitio

Location of the transect. A factor with three levels: Carpinteria, Mohawk and Naples.

algas

Percentage cover of seaweds.

invertebrados

Percentage cover of sessile invertebrates.

Details

These data have been digitized from Figure 3a of Arkema et al. 2009.

Source

Arkema, K,K., Reed, D.C., and Schroether, S.C. 2009. Direct and indirect effects of giant kelp determine benthic community structure and dynamics. Ecology 90: 3126-3137.

Examples

data(arrecifes)
str(arrecifes) 

Allometric Data of Giant Rhinoceros Beetles

Description

Some measurements of body length and genitalia size of 156 individuals of Chalcosoma atlas (Linnaeus, 1758) in four localities in SW Asia.

Usage

data("chalco")

Format

A data frame with 156 observations on the following 3 variables.

Localidad

Locality. A factor with levels C. Malasia, E. Tailandia, Nias, and S. Sumatra.

Long_cuerpo

Body size (length) in mm.

Long_genitalia

Genitalia size (length) in mm.

Source

Kawano, K. 2002. Character displacement in giant rhinoceros beetles. The American Naturalist 159(3): 255-271.

Examples

data(chalco)
str(chalco)

Cladonia Cover in Finland

Description

Average cover of the lichen Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg. in the understory of pine forests in 24 locations in Finland, plus some measurements of soil properties in the same localities.

Usage

data("cladonia")

Format

A data frame with 24 observations on the average cover of Cladonia rangiferina (cladrang), the estimated cover of bare soil (Baresoil), the thickness of the humus layer (Humdepth) and measurements of chemical soil characteristics (obvious names).

Source

Väre, H., Ohtonen, R. and Oksanen, J. (1995) Effects of reindeer grazing on understorey vegetation in dry Pinus sylvestris forests. Journal of Vegetation Science 6: 523-530.

References

These data are compiled form the varespec and varechem datasets in package vegan.

Examples

data(cladonia)
str(cladonia)

Defoliation in Almeria Pine Forests

Description

Data about defoliation in 76 stands of Pinus spp. forests in Sierra de los Filabres, Almeria, Spain.

Usage

data("defo")

Format

A data frame with 76 observations on the following 12 variables.

x

UTM x-coordinate of the stand.

y

UTM y-coordinate of the stand.

Especie

Dominant species of Pinus. A factor with two levels: Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris.

Defoliacion

Percentage of the stand affected by defoliation.

Area_basimetrica

Basal area of the stand.

Altura_media

Average height of pines in the stand.

Densidad_pinos

Density of pine trees in the stand.

Elevacion

Elevation.

Pendiente

Average slope.

Orientacion

Slope orientation.

Insolacion

Amount of solar insolation.

Potencial_hidrico

Water potential.

Examples

data(defo)
str(defo)

Productivity in Chiapas Dry Forests

Description

Richness of forest trees and average productivity for the 2001-2007 period estimated from MODIS images (NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for 250 x 250 m pixels) in 96 plots of 0.1 ha in the dry forests of Chiapas (Mexico).

Usage

data("dry")

Format

A data frame with 96 observations on the following 2 variables.

richness

Number of tree species per plot.

ndvi

Average productivity.

Details

NDVI values range between 0 an 1, with higher values indicating higher productiviy.

Examples

data(dry)
str(dry)

Mating in Fireflies

Description

Number of eggs laid by female fireflies (Photinus ignitus (Fall, 1927)) after mating either with just one male or sequentially with three males.

Usage

data("firefly")

Format

A data frame with 40 observations on the following 3 variables.

weight

Weight of each female firefly.

eggs

Number of eggs produced after mating.

mating

Type of experimental mating: either single male or triple mating with tree different males.

Source

Rooney, J. and Lewis, S. M. 2002 Fitness advantage from nuptial gifts in female fireflies. Ecological Entomology 27: 373-377.

Examples

data(firefly)
str(firefly)

Insects and Plant Disease

Description

Observations of the presence of a plant disease and of a certain species of insect in 14 plants.

Usage

data("insecto")

Format

A data frame with 14 observations on the following 2 variables.

enfermedad

Presence of the plant disease. A factor with levels ausente (absent) and presente (present).

insecto

Presence of the insect species. A factor with levels ausente (absent) and presente (present).

Source

Zar, J. H. 2010. Biostatistical Analysis. 5th ed. Prentice Hall.

Examples

data(insecto)
str(insecto)

Epiphytic Lichens Data

Description

Percentage cover of foliose and fruticulose epiphytic lichen species in 20 cm x 20 cm quadrats placed on the trunk of several trees along three transects in a pine forest in Sierra de Guadarrama (Madrid, Spain).

Usage

data("liquenes")

Format

A data frame with 608 observations on the following 33 variables.

• Grupo. Transect identifier.

• Arbol. Tree identifier within each transect.

• DAP. DBH, i.e., diameter (cm) at breast height of the phorophyte tree.

• Especie. Species of the phorophyte tree. A factor with levels P (Pinus sylvestris) and R (Quercus pyrenaica).

• Distancia. Distance (m) from the tree to a road on the border of the forest.

• Sitio. Location on the trunk. A factor with levels B (base of the tree) or P (at breast height).

• Orientacion. Orientation of the quadrat over the tree trunk. A factor with levels N (facing North) or S (facing South).

• Musgos. Percentage cover of mosses.

• Crustaceos. Percentage cover of crustaceous lichens.

• Agrietacion. A measure (percentage) of bark rugosity.

• Cetraria.chlorophylla to Sp.1. Percentage cover of each recorded species of foliose or fruticulose lichen.

• Riqueza. Richness of fruticulose and foliose lichen species per quadrat.

Details

Data collected by students of Ecology of Rey Juan Carlos University in September 2016.

Examples

data(liquenes)
str(liquenes)

Monitoring of Helianthemum Seedlings

Description

Monitoring of several cohorts of seedlings of Helianthemum squamatum (L.) Dum. Cours., from emergence to the end of sumer drought.

Usage

data("plantulas0")

Format

A data frame with 691 observations on the following 6 variables.

Censo

Cohort, i.e., when the seedling was first censused. A factor with levels abril (April), junio (June), marzo (March), mayo (May).

MSET

Fate of each seedling at September census. A factor with levels herbivoria (died by herbivory), sequia (died by drought), sobrevive (survived).

Hjun

Number of leaves in the June census.

Tjun

Height of the seedling (cm) in the June census.

NN05

Number of neighbour seedlings within a circle with a radius of 5 cm around each seedling.

NN10

Number of neighbour seedlings within a circle with a radius of 10 cm around each seedling.

References

De la Cruz, M., Romao, R.L., Escudero, A. and Maestre, F.T. 2008. Where do seedlings go? A spatio-temporal analysis of seedling mortality in a semi-arid gypsophyte. Ecography 31: 720-730 .

Examples

data(plantulas0)
str(plantulas0)