Biodiversity is a multifaceted concept covering different levels of organization from
            genes to ecosystems. 'iNEXT.3D' extends 'iNEXT' to include three dimensions (3D) 
            of biodiversity, i.e., taxonomic diversity (TD), phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional 
            diversity (FD). This package provides functions to compute standardized 3D diversity estimates 
            with a common sample size or sample coverage. A unified framework based on Hill numbers 
            and their generalizations (Hill-Chao numbers) are used to quantify 3D. All 3D estimates 
            are in the same units of species/lineage equivalents and can be meaningfully compared. 
            The package features size- and coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation sampling 
            curves to facilitate rigorous comparison of 3D diversity across individual assemblages. 
            Asymptotic 3D diversity estimates are also provided. See Chao et al. (2021) 
            <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13682> for more details.

Expands 'iNEXT' to include the estimation of sample completeness and evenness. The package provides simple functions to perform the following four-step biodiversity analysis:
       STEP 1: Assessment of sample completeness profiles.
       STEP 2a: Analysis of size-based rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves to 
       determine whether the asymptotic diversity can be accurately estimated. 
       STEP 2b: Comparison of the observed and the estimated asymptotic diversity profiles. 
       STEP 3: Analysis of non-asymptotic coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves.
       STEP 4: Assessment of evenness profiles. 
       The analyses in STEPs 2a, 2b and STEP 3 are mainly based on the previous 'iNEXT' package. Refer to the 'iNEXT' package for details. This package is mainly focusing on the computation for STEPs 1 and 4. See Chao et al. (2020) <doi:10.1111/1440-1703.12102> for statistical background.

As a sequel to 'iNEXT', the 'iNEXT.beta3D' package provides functions to compute 
              standardized taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity (3D) estimates 
              with a common sample size (for alpha and gamma diversity) or sample coverage 
              (for alpha, beta, gamma diversity as well as dissimilarity or turnover indices). 
              Hill numbers and their generalizations are used to quantify 3D and to make 
              multiplicative decomposition (gamma = alpha x beta). The package also features 
              size- and coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves to 
              facilitate rigorous comparison of beta diversity across datasets.  
              See Chao et al. (2023) <doi:10.1002/ecm.1588> for more details.