Various cladogenesis-related calculations that are slow in pure R are implemented in C++ with Rcpp. These include the calculation of the probability of various scenarios for the inheritance of geographic range at the divergence events on a phylogenetic tree, and other calculations necessary for models which are not continuous-time markov chains (CTMC), but where change instead occurs instantaneously at speciation events.  Typically these models must assess the probability of every possible combination of (ancestor state, left descendent state, right descendent state).  This means that there are up to (# of states)^3 combinations to investigate, and in biogeographical models, there can easily be hundreds of states, so calculation time becomes an issue.  C++ implementation plus clever tricks (many combinations can be eliminated a priori) can greatly speed the computation time over naive R implementations.  CITATION INFO: This package is the result of my Ph.D. research, please cite the package if you use it!  Type: citation(package="cladoRcpp") to get the citation information.

The analysis of conflicting claims arises when an amount has to be divided among a set of agents with claims that exceed what is available. A rule is a way of selecting a  division among the claimants. This package computes the main rules introduced in the literature from the old times until nowadays. The inventory of rules covers the proportional and the adjusted proportional rules, the constrained equal awards and the constrained equal losses rules, the  constrained egalitarian, the Piniles’ and the minimal overlap rules, the random arrival and the Talmud rules. Besides, the Dominguez and Thomson and the average of awards rules are also included. All of them can be found in the book of W. Thomson (2019), 'How to divide when there isn't enough. From Aristotle, the Talmud, and Maimonides to the axiomatics of resource allocation', with the exception of the average of awards rule (Mirás Calvo et al. (2022), <doi:10.1007/s00355-022-01414-6>). In addition,  graphical diagrams allow the user to represent, among others, the set of awards, the paths of awards, and the schedules of awards of a rule, and some indexes. A good understanding of the similarities and the differences of the rules is useful for a better decision making. Therefore this package could be helpful to students, researchers and managers alike.